Does anyone know of any like, critical theory writings on... I guess "madness coding" of villians and antagonists in fiction?
Like how antagonists are often queercoded to invoke normative audiences' disgust for female masculinity and male effimacy, sex between members of the same gender, any kind of gender "boundary crossing" ranging from drag and crossdressing to transgender and intersex bodies (and a refusal to even care about the differences between these groups), etc. The way marginalized audiences may identify with and rehabilitate these archetypes and characters, or even create them in times and place where they're the only allowed form of queerness in mainstream media.
I know there's a lot of writing on queercoded villians, and on how antagonist factions in fantasy settings may be racially coded even if they're not physically members of real ethnic groups - the way Rowling's goblins are antisemitic, that Orcs in fantasy are often invoking antiblack and anti-native cultural tropes, et cetera. There's also some theory on physical disability and villian-coding, from what I understand, though there should probably be more.
But how can I begin to find writings, on, like... how if a work of fiction wants you to believe a character is evil and impossible to reason with, they'll make them "crazy" or "insane" or "mad." They'll invoke an "inhuman" lack of empathy, they'll give them an "evil split personality", or they'll make them hallucinate and have delusions and odd tics. Even if they don't label the character as having a specific mental illness diagnosis (or slur for such), they'll give them traits associated with the most stigmatized mental conditions to signify that they're monsters.
And where can I find more writings that talk about how this is ableism, in depth??? Rather than taking for granted that it's totally fine to treat mental illness symptoms and evil as synonymous?